微服务架构概述

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微服务架构是一种架构模式，它提倡将单一应用程序划分成一组小的服务，服务之间互相协调，互相配合，为用户提供最终价值。每个服务运行在其独立的进程中，服务与服务间采用轻量级的通信机制互相协作（通常是基于HTTP协议的RESTful API)。每个服务都围绕着具本业务进行构建，并且能够独立的部署到生产环境，类生产环境等。另外，应当尽量避免统一的，集中式的服务管理机制，对具体的一个服务而言，应根据业务上下文，选择合适的语言，工具对其进行构建。

  1. 微服务架构是一堆小服务的集合

  2. 每一个服务都可以作为一个单独的进程来运行

  3. 微服务的建模是围绕业务逻辑进行的

  4. 服务是独立部署的

  5. 微服务是去中心化的，也就是说是分布式的

SpringCloud

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SpringCloud是分布式微服务架构的一站式解决方案，是多种微服务架构落地技术的集合体，俗称微服务全家桶。SpringCloud已成为微服务开发的主流技术栈。

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SpringCloud版本目前最新为H版

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SpringCloud和SpringBoot的版本选择

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此次项目的技术版本

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SpringCloud各种组件的停更升级替换

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项目环境搭建

父工程项目搭建

搭建一个Maven项目，作为Maven的父工程项目。删除src目录

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添加项目依赖

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<packaging>pom</packaging>

<!-- 统一管理jar包版本 -->
<properties>
    <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
    <maven.compiler.source>1.8</maven.compiler.source>
    <maven.compiler.target>1.8</maven.compiler.target>
    <junit.version>4.12</junit.version>
    <log4j.version>1.2.17</log4j.version>
    <lombok.version>1.16.18</lombok.version>
    <mysql.version>5.1.47</mysql.version>
    <druid.version>1.1.16</druid.version>
    <mybatis.spring.boot.version>1.3.0</mybatis.spring.boot.version>
</properties>

<!-- 子模块继承之后，提供作用：锁定版本+子modlue不用写groupId和version  -->
<dependencyManagement>
    <dependencies>
        <!--spring boot 2.2.2-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-dependencies</artifactId>
            <version>2.2.2.RELEASE</version>
            <type>pom</type>
            <scope>import</scope>
        </dependency>
        <!--spring cloud Hoxton.SR1-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
            <version>Hoxton.SR1</version>
            <type>pom</type>
            <scope>import</scope>
        </dependency>
        <!--spring cloud alibaba 2.1.0.RELEASE-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-alibaba-dependencies</artifactId>
            <version>2.1.0.RELEASE</version>
            <type>pom</type>
            <scope>import</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>mysql</groupId>
            <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
            <version>${mysql.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
            <artifactId>druid</artifactId>
            <version>${druid.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.mybatis.spring.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>mybatis-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
            <version>${mybatis.spring.boot.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>junit</groupId>
            <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
            <version>${junit.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>log4j</groupId>
            <artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
            <version>${log4j.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
            <version>${lombok.version}</version>
            <optional>true</optional>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
</dependencyManagement>

<build>
    <plugins>
        <plugin>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            <configuration>
                <fork>true</fork>
                <addResources>true</addResources>
            </configuration>
        </plugin>
    </plugins>
</build>

支付模块构建

在父工程中新建支付Modulecloud-provider-payment8001，同样是Maven项目

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pom

添加依赖

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<dependencies>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    <!--监控-->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.mybatis.spring.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>mybatis-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
        <artifactId>druid</artifactId>
        <!--如果没写版本,从父层面找,找到了就直接用,全局统一-->
    </dependency>
    <!--mysql-connector-java-->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>mysql</groupId>
        <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    <!--jdbc-->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-jdbc</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
        <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
        <optional>true</optional>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
        <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>
</dependencies>

配置文件

新建编写配置文件application.yml

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#服务端口号
server:
  port: 8001

spring:
  application:
    name: cloud-payment-service #服务名称
  datasource:
    type: com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource  #druid数据源
    driver-class-name: org.gjt.mm.mysql.Driver    #mysql驱动包
    url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/springcloud?serverTimezone=UTC&useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf-8&useSSL=false
    username: root
    password: kylin

mybatis:
  mapper-locations: classpath:mapper/*.xml #各mapper的xml文件路径
  type-aliases-package: com.kylin.entities #实体类所在包起别名

主启动类

创建com.kylin包在包下创建SpringBoot启动类PaymentMain8001

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@SpringBootApplication
public class PaymentMain8001 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(PaymentMain8001.class, args);
    }
}

数据库

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CREATE TABLE payment (
 id BIGINT(20) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT COMMENT ID,
 'serial' VARCHAR(200) DEFAULT,
 PRIMARY KEY(id)
) ENGINE=INNODB AUTO_INCREMENT=1 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8

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自己插入数据

entities

Payment

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@Data
@AllArgsConstructor
@NoArgsConstructor
public class Payment implements Serializable {
    private Long id;
    private String serial;
}

CommonResult

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@Data
@AllArgsConstructor
@NoArgsConstructor
public class CommonResult<T> {

    private Integer code;
    private String message;
    private T data;

    public CommonResult(Integer code,String message){
        this(code,message,null);
    }
}

Dao

PaymentDao

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@Mapper
public interface PaymentDao {

    int create(Payment payment);

    Payment getPaymentId(@Param("id") Long id);

}

PaymentMapper 分别按id查询和插入数据

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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper
        PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN"
        "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">

<mapper namespace="com.kylin.dao.PaymentDao">

    <insert id="create" parameterType="payment" useGeneratedKeys="true" keyColumn="id">
        insert into payment(serial) values (#{serial})
    </insert>


    <resultMap id="BaseResultMap" type="payment">
        <id column="id" property="id" jdbcType="BIGINT"/>
        <id column="serial" property="serial" jdbcType="VARCHAR"/>
    </resultMap>
    <select id="getPaymentId" resultMap="BaseResultMap" parameterType="Long">
        select * from payment where id = #{id}
    </select>
</mapper>

Service

PaymentService

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public interface PaymentService {

    int create(Payment payment);

    Payment getPaymentId(Long id);
}

PaymentService实现类PaymentServiceImpl

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@Service
public class PaymentServiceImpl implements PaymentService {

    @Resource
    PaymentDao paymentDao;


    @Override
    public int create(Payment payment) {

        return paymentDao.create(payment);
    }

    @Override
    public Payment getPaymentId(Long id) {
        return paymentDao.getPaymentId(id);
    }
}

Controller

PaymentController

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@RestController
@Slf4j
public class PaymentController {

    @Resource
    private PaymentService paymentService;

    @PostMapping(value = "/payment/create")
    public CommonResult create(Payment payment){
        int result = paymentService.create(payment);
        log.info("*****插入结果："+result);
        if (result>0){  //成功
            return new CommonResult(200,"插入数据库成功",result);
        }else {
            return new CommonResult(444,"插入数据库失败",null);
        }
    }
    @GetMapping(value = "/payment/get/{id}")
    public CommonResult getPaymentById(@PathVariable("id") Long id){
        Payment payment = paymentService.getPaymentById(id);
        log.info("*****查询结果："+payment);
        if (payment!=null){  //说明有数据，能查询成功
            return new CommonResult(200,"查询成功",payment);
        }else {
            return new CommonResult(444,"没有对应记录，查询ID："+id,null);
        }
    }
}

测试

在主启动类中启动项目进行测试查询操作http://localhost:8001/payment/get/31

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由于插入操作是发送的post请求，浏览器默认不支持地址栏发送post请求所以使用Postman发送post请求

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发生post请求成功

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查看数据库

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全部测试成功，代码无误~

消费者订单模块构建

创建cloud-consumer-order80模块

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pom

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<dependencies>
    <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework.boot/spring-boot-starter-web -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
    </dependency>

    <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework.boot/spring-boot-starter-web  -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
    </dependency>

    <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework.boot/spring-boot-devtools -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
        <scope>runtime</scope>
        <optional>true</optional>
    </dependency>

    <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.projectlombok/lombok -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
        <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
        <optional>true</optional>
    </dependency>

    <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework.boot/spring-boot-starter-test -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
        <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>
</dependencies>

配置文件

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server:
  port: 80

主启动类

创建com.kylin包在包下创建主启动类OrderMain80

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@SpringBootApplication
public class OrderMain80 {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(OrderMain80.class,args);
    }
}

entities

将支付模块cloud-provider-payment8001中的entities包拷贝

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Controller

编写OrderController，由于要使用消费者模块调用支付模块。我们这里使用Resttemplate发送请求调用。

传统情况下在java代码里访问restful服务，一般使用Apache的HttpClient。不过此种方法使用起来太过繁琐。spring提供了一种简单便捷的模板类来进行操作，这就是RestTemplate。RestTemplate提供了多种便捷访问远程Http服务的方法，是一种简单便捷的访问restful服务模板类，是Spring提供的用于访问Rest服务的客户端模板工具集

使用前将其注入到Spring容器中，使用RestTemplate访问restful接口非常的简单，(url,requestMap,ResponseBean.class)这三个参数分别代表REST请求地址，请求参数，HTTP响应转换被转换的对象类型。

创建config包，编写ApplicationContextConfig在下面注入RestTemplate

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@Configuration
public class ApplicationContextConfig {

    @Bean
    public RestTemplate getRestTemplate() {
        return new RestTemplate();
    }
}

此时在继续编写OrderController

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@RestController
@Slf4j
public class OrderController {

    public static final String PAYMENT_URL = "http://localhost:8001";

    @Resource
    RestTemplate restTemplate;

    @GetMapping("/consumer/payment/create")
    public CommonResult<Payment> create(Payment payment) {
        return restTemplate.postForObject(PAYMENT_URL + "/payment/create", payment, CommonResult.class);
    }

    @GetMapping("/consumer/payment/get/{id}")
    public CommonResult<Payment> getPayment(@PathVariable("id") Long id) {
        return restTemplate.getForObject(PAYMENT_URL + "/payment/get/" + id, CommonResult.class);
    }
}

测试

再启动OrderMain80和PaymentMain80此时idea会弹出一个提示是否启用Services选择启用，方便管理多个服务之间的启动关闭。启动成功后发送请求查看效果

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发现插入数据为空！

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由于RestTemplate.postForObject发送的是Json格式的字符,所以需要@RequestBody注解接收。

重启项目查看效果，成功！

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工程重构

通过构建项目的基础环境，我们发现我们的项目中存在重复的部分。也就是我们的的entities

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我们将他抽取成一个模块cloud-api-commons,新建一个模块

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pom

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<dependencies>
    <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework.boot/spring-boot-devtools -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
        <scope>runtime</scope>
        <optional>true</optional>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
        <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
        <optional>true</optional>
    </dependency>

    <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/cn.hutool/hutool-all -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>cn.hutool</groupId>
        <artifactId>hutool-all</artifactId>
        <version>5.1.0</version>
    </dependency>
</dependencies>

将entities下的类复制过来

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接着将这个模块clean，install

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接着分别将我们之前的两个项目中的entities包删除

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分别修改项目的pom.xml引入cloud-api-commons,坐标修改为自己的，记得导入依赖。

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<dependency>
    <groupId>com.kylin</groupId>
    <artifactId>cloud-api-commons</artifactId>
    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
</dependency>

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测试一下功能是否正常，一切正常！

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SpringCloud学习的基础环境搭建完成！